Choose an exam and explore concepts through visual explanations, topic maps and revision checks. Open the full chapter notes whenever you need more detail.
THE VISUAL LEARNING STUDIO
See the idea. Understand the connection.
35 visual explanations across 29 chapters, with topic maps throughout the library.
The chapter index will grow as additional notes are prepared. Chapters shown here are a learning collection, not a claim that the entire exam syllabus is complete.
SEE IT. CONNECT IT. EXPLAIN IT.
Understand the chapter visually
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Study the expanded notes and the credited detailed textbook lessons. The current chapter index covers core topics; it is not a claim of exhaustive coverage of every examination syllabus. Check the official syllabus and primary references.
Laws of Motion — lesson overview
Inertia and force
Newton’s first law describes motion in an inertial frame: without a net external force, velocity remains constant. Rest is a special case.
A force changes momentum. For constant mass, Newton’s second law becomes F = ma; use the net force and a consistent vector or sign convention.
Mass measures inertia; weight is gravitational force. Their SI units differ: kilogram for mass and newton for force.
Interactions and free-body diagrams
Newton’s third-law forces are equal and opposite forces on different interacting bodies. They do not cancel on the free-body diagram of one body.
Draw all external forces on the selected object, including contact forces, weight and relevant applied forces before writing equations.
Normal reaction is not always equal to weight; inclination, vertical acceleration and additional forces can change it.
Worked application
A 2 kg object with a net horizontal force of 6 N has acceleration 3 m s⁻² in that direction, using constant mass and an inertial frame.
If two opposite horizontal forces of 10 N and 4 N act, their net magnitude is 6 N, not 14 N.
Static friction adjusts up to its limiting value; it is not automatically equal to its maximum whenever surfaces touch.
